I created these works as full-scale models for possible cast-metal pieces (not yet realized). These types of sculptures are extremely labor-intensive. Their creation entails many stages of various processes which often begin with drawing. From here I may move on to clay forms which I can then reproduce in wax or plaster with molds. 

At heart I am basically a sculptor. It was my major as student; and it remains the essential way that my mind works, it seems. That is, I tend to think and see things spatially and compositionally, even when they are 2-dimensional. I have produced a range of sculptures over a 25-year span of working in Brooklyn. Frequently the process begins with larger drawings and then jumps over to a medium that can be molded or carved such as clay or plaster. Or an early stage may involve a simple model construction in paper or cardboard.